How is Book Value per share calculated?

The calculation of Book Value per share is determined by dividing Total Equity by the number of shares outstanding. This metric represents the net asset value of a company attributable to each share of common stock. Total Equity is essentially the residual value of a company's assets after deducting liabilities, which can include common stock, retained earnings, and additional paid-in capital. By dividing this equity by the number of shares outstanding, investors can gauge the value of each share based on the financial health of the company, as reflected in its balance sheet.

Other methods listed, such as dividing total assets or market value by the number of shares, do not reflect the intrinsic value of the company's equity in the same way that Book Value does. Using net income would instead yield earnings per share, which focuses on a company's profitability rather than its equity valuation. Thus, the correct answer highlights the fundamental principle of assessing a company's worth in relation to its outstanding shares of stock.